Goldfish one of the first home fish

Goldfish 

Goldfish is a freshwater fish of the carp family (Cyprinidae) and one of the first home fish, which are still popular among aquarists. The main representative of the genus Carassius and also the most widespread species, Carassius auratus, mass is grown in ponds in the economic and nutritional purposes.
Goldfish were originally settled link Korea, China and Japan, where they quickly spread throughout the world. In Europe they are entered in the 18th century, and successfully breeding in the aquarium begins in the late 19th century. The type was first described by Swedish scientist Carl von Linné, 1758. year.


Goldfish are popular in aquariums as a beginner fish. For them to bind one of the biggest misconceptions when it comes to pets, and because of this suffering. Usually kept in glass or plastic balls, without an adequate water purifier or air pump, although the carp fish that need it most, keeping in mind their fast metabolism and need for large amounts of oxygen in the water. As a consequence of this holding, gold fish survive in custody for six to eight years, which is small compared with fish that allow normal living conditions, which can then live up to fifty years.

Anatomy of an ordinary Karas
Karas ice are whitish-gray color with golden reflections. Flanks are silvery, sometimes with green or reddish-yellow nuances. Fins are reddish black. All varieties of the common high, the sides slightly spoljšteno body, covered with large and firm usadenim scales. Ledna fin is very long base (between fourteen and twenty spokes), and podrepna short (five to eight spokes). The first rung of both fins is strong and serrated. The mouth is terminal and mustache trimmed short (which can be totally absent). Pharynx teeth are tall, flattened and single.

In the wild
Karasi were originally settled by the water East Asia. Inhabit lowland quiet and warm water, usually standing. Can be found in the plants covered with ponds, lakes, canals, asking for muddy or clay bottom. Goldfish live on the bottom, at depths of up to twenty feet, where it feeds on small animals and plant components. In the wild, his menu of small fish, spawn, tadpoles and frogs, but sometimes will pop out of the water catching insects. During the summer it feeds more intense, while the winter completely stops eating and goes into hibernation.
The water temperature in their habitat ranges from 4 to 40 ° C. Wild Karasi will survive high temperatures, but they are not favorites because of depletion of water oxygen. Aquarium fish will not tolerate temperatures over 30 ° C, the maximum you can handle is 25 ° C.
Thanks to her, sometimes startling growth, quickly dospijele in European and American waters as unwanted pets. There have successfully reproduced and intersected with local species, and soon became an integral part of the local fauna.

In the aquarium
Keeping goldfish in containers can be traced more to the time of Imperial China, when the emperor and empress enjoyed the gilded vessel filled with water, and they stayed in the mutant, a golden carp. Courtiers realized that the fish do not have long to live, so to spend only a short time, during the festival palace and ceremeonija. Goldfish were imported to Japan by the end of the 15th century, and to Europe via Portugal, 1854. year. They immediately became popular among the European elite.

The aquarium as food cooked peas and accept all cooked, herbaceous vegetables, and buying food in the granules. Because of the anatomy of the mouth tend to swallow their leafy food. Regardless of the herbivorous habits, goldfish will attack and swallow all the fish smaller than themselves. Ironically, as the only aquarium fish which, at least according to water temperature, could be their roommates, also the most commonly eaten fish in the aquarium: guppy and paleatus. We should pay attention to the latter, which the fins are sharp lední pip has grown just for the purpose of defense against predators, which will proždrljivoj gold fish get stuck in your mouth. In this case, gold fish usually die in pain, after which koridoras simply emerge from its mouth. Goldfish food will pray every time their owner approached the tank, but their pleas may hear only once a day.

Karasi fall into cold water aquarium fish, which will easily submit and temperature below 20 ° C. Gold fish does not tolerate sudden temperature changes, which they easily can kill. This is especially true of small, unheated aquarium in which temperature decreases rapidly at night. For this reason it should not fall below 10 degrees C, nor exceed 25 ° C. Heater is not required, but it is not just useless for controlling the temperature changes.

All carp have a fast metabolism and require large amounts of oxygen in his residence. For this reason, the golden fish in the aquarium should provide a good filtration and aeration of the water. In their natural environment they are used to densely covered bottom, but it is often impossible to achieve in the aquarium in which they live, because of their tendency to eat and tear planted crops. Plastic plants can survive temper pet fish, although their sharp edges can damage the delicate lining of fish.

Myths related to goldfish
The popular image of goldfish in a globe, which apparently does not require anything other than dried papers, buying food, contributed to the misconception about the needs of this fish. Goldfish fish are fast metabolism, and the ball often suppress the ammonia from their feces. It can be prevented by regular changing of water, but that process fish regularly suffer from shocks due to sudden changes in temperature and hemizma water. For this reason, some countries have banned sale of the balls. Among aquarists, however, remained the opinion that the goldfish beginner fish, and they are very short-lived. The opposite is true; in aquariums equipped with filter and air pump, goldfish can live up to half a century.

Another myth related to the gold fish is that of memory, which apparently takes only three seconds. It has been proven, however, that goldfish remember better than most other fish, so the recall of certain shapes, colors and sounds of three months. Karasi remember the different people who feed them from other people, and eventually learn to recognize the voice of that person. [1] Goldfish will be free of fear from people who feed them and give them great confidence, and will often accept food directly from the owner's hand.
There is no doubt that gold fish live in complex communities, clusters, both in nature and in aquaria. Fish that have long lived together will often swim and feed together, while the new fish will be greeted with suspicion and aggression, which disappear after a few days.

In garden ponds
Goldfish were domesticated in China's imperial courts, when it was popular to keep carp in garden ponds and fish ponds. Than the regular cast of carp due to genetic mutations, there is a golden carp scales. This variation has quickly become popular with the royal family, and people began to extract gold specimens and cross-fertilize them in order to preserve color. The 12th century Chinese empress ordered the excavation jezerece that will settle the red and yellow Karasi, but he also banned people outside the royal family to keep goldfish, which are then represented by a symbol of the imperial family.

Karasi are now very popular ornamental fish for garden ponds. Submitted by various weather conditions, and time will be used and the high summer temperatures (jezerece should still be in the shade). No problems survive several weeks under the ice, as long as the bottom has nezaledene waters rich with oxygen. So that the fish had nezaledenu water suitable for hibernation, a pond should be at least eighty inches deep.
In addition to the mandatory filtering pump, a pond with gold fish and require local water plants, which plays a role in the system of water filtration and food fish. Goldfish will easily and quickly reproduce in ponds, so we need to add fish that will eat eggs and so part of their population on the control stick.

Propagation
Sexual dimorphism in the gold fish is not very pronounced. Males have tiny, almost invisible freckles on the gills, while females more features and expanding belly. When used correctly and varied diet, gold fish spawn several times a year. Spawn in groups, preferably two to three males to one female, to make all spawns were fertilized. The female will chase and throw eggs, which stick to water plants at the bottom, and the males pass through it, propelling the jelly and the oplodujuci. Spawning takes approximately three to four hours. Adult, fat female in one spawning given from 2000 to 3000 pieces žutobjelicaste, sticky eggs. Parents have expressed cannibals and will devour their eggs and young. Eggs hatch in two to three days, and the tiny larvae emerge. The first two days of food in their yolk contents of the bag, and the third day of starting to feed rotatorijama. But the fourth day may be fed Copepoda ("dust"), and later the water fleas. Young starts to resemble the adult fish after seven days, but it will pass all year before turn golden adult fish.

Varieties
Aquarist has always delighted extraordinary possibility of crossing the fish genus Carassius. Cross of gold (Carassius auratus) and the ordinary, srebrenastog (Carassius carassius) were obtained following varieties:
The telescope has a short, compressed body velastih fins. Are characteristic of large eyes, protected from injury films. Color varies from golden fish to black.
Third Eye is a variety similar to the telescope, big eyes facing upward. Tail fin is trostarno and looks like the range.
Gold fish with veils is a variety of short, stocky body and small head. Lední fin is broad and upright, while the others are transparent and long, resulting in more with the fish. Body color of this vrijeteta varies from golden yellow to dark red-ruby.
Comet is a variety whose body is characterized by a golden-yellow-scaled and very long, wide rasjecenih rapenih fins.
Lion's Head is an attractive variety of short head, bordered by a thick skin folds reminiscent of the mane of a lion.
Subunkin is similar to comets, from which different scales of various translucent colors.
Varieties were released in nature will not live long, because of the long fins that make them beautiful but prevents them from swimming fast. However, most survive long enough to spawn with domestic, wild fish. So often I can catch a goldfish descendants who own some of their decorations, which, like pure gold fish, and still edible. Recently, a wealth of new varieties, which differ each other in the form of fins and color scales. Some varieties do not tolerate cold water as normal Karasi, it discolor or die. It is interesting that the fish that live in total darkness also lose color and become white.